Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen blood vessels in the rectum. They can cause discomfort, itching, and bleeding. When hemorrhoids swell and extend out of the rectum, they are referred to as prolapsed hemorrhoids.
This condition can be particularly painful and requires medical attention. Here’s a comprehensive look at prolapsed hemorrhoids, their causes, and available treatments as described by the leading piles specialist and laparoscopic surgeon in Delhi Dr Amita Jain in this blog.
What are Prolapsed Hemorrhoids?
Prolapsed hemorrhoids occur when internal hemorrhoids push through the rectum opening. They are categorized into four grades based on their severity:
- Grade I: Hemorrhoids that bleed but do not prolapse.
- Grade II: Hemorrhoids that prolapse during bowel movements but retract on their own.
- Grade III: Hemorrhoids that prolapse and need to be pushed back manually.
- Grade IV: Hemorrhoids that are permanently prolapsed and cannot be pushed back in.
What are the Causes of Prolapsed Hemorrhoids?
Several factors can contribute to the development of prolapsed hemorrhoids:
- Straining During Bowel Movements: Excessive straining can increase pressure on the rectal veins, causing them to swell and prolapse.
- Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea: Both conditions can lead to prolonged periods of straining and irritation of the rectal area.
- Pregnancy: The increased pressure on the pelvic veins during pregnancy can lead to hemorrhoid development.
- Obesity: Excess body weight can increase pressure on the pelvic veins.
- Prolonged Sitting or Standing: Spending long periods in one position can increase the pressure on the rectal veins.
- Heavy Lifting: Frequent heavy lifting can strain the rectal veins, leading to hemorrhoids.
- Aging: The tissues supporting the rectal veins can weaken with age, making them more prone to swelling and prolapse.
What are the Symptoms of Prolapsed Hemorrhoids?
Common symptoms include:
- Pain and discomfort, especially when sitting or during bowel movements.
- Bleeding during bowel movements.
- Itching or irritation in the rectal area.
- Swelling or a lump near the rectum.
- Mucus discharge.
What are the Treatment Options for Prolapsed Hemorrhoids?
Treatment for prolapsed hemorrhoids can range from home remedies to medical procedures, depending on the severity of the condition.
- Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes
- Dietary Adjustments: Increase fiber intake through fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stools and reduce straining.
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water to help prevent constipation.
- Regular Exercise: Engage in physical activity to promote regular bowel movements and reduce pressure on the veins.
- Warm Sitz Baths: Soak the affected area in warm water for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce discomfort and swelling.
- Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter creams and ointments can help relieve pain and itching.
- Non-Surgical Procedures
- Rubber Band Ligation: A rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off blood flow, causing it to shrink and fall off.
- Sclerotherapy: A chemical solution is injected into the hemorrhoid to shrink it.
- Infrared Coagulation: Infrared light is used to coagulate the hemorrhoid, causing it to shrink.
- Surgical Procedures
- Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of severe hemorrhoids.
- Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A procedure that uses a stapling device to reposition prolapsed hemorrhoids and cut off their blood supply.
When to Seek Medical Attention?
Consult a healthcare provider if you experience severe pain, or excessive bleeding, or if home treatments do not provide relief. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Prolapsed hemorrhoids can be painful and disruptive, but they are treatable with the right approach. Understanding the causes and symptoms is the first step toward effective management.
From lifestyle changes to medical procedures, there are various ways to alleviate the discomfort and treat prolapsed hemorrhoids.
Always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment tailored to your specific needs.
Dr Amita Jain is a surgeon with highest degree of professional competence, precision and surgical craftsmanship. Performed all complicated general surgery procedures with in depth knowledge of invasive and few minimal invasive and onco surgical techniques. Underwent special training in trauma, executed various trauma-related complex life-saving neurosurgical procedures, reconstructed injured mangled limbs and performed vascular and reconstructive procedures with critical care.
Dr Amita Jain holds 28 plus years of rich experience in Trauma and General Laparoscopic Surgeries (including Gallbladder stone removal, appendix removal, hernia repair surgery, piles and fissure surgeries). She was the Professor Surgery of at the Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital Delhi Cantt. In 1994 she was commissioned as Surgeon under the United Nations Mission in Congo. From 2020 to 2022, she worked with Bansals Hospital. Currently, Dr Amita Jain is the Senior Consultant, (Speciality: General and Laparoscopic Surgeon) at Artemis Lite Hospital, New Delhi