Gallstones have become a major health problem because of their silent manifestation and unclear pathogenesis. In fact, Cholelithiasis or gallstone disease is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders being prevalent in about 10-15% of adults in developing countries.
In a review of worldwide incidence, the female-to-male ratio was reported between 2 and 3. Although the association between disturbed lipid metabolism and the formation of gallstones has been elucidated in many studies, the effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile has not been studied in detail.
Based on evidence more than 50% of patients with gallstones have some sort of lipid disorder. It is now widely accepted that the primary event in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones is an altered lipid metabolism, because of which there is a relative increase in the cholesterol levels compared to other lipids secreted by the liver into the bile.
Cholecystectomy causes a redistribution of bile acid pool in the entero-hepatic circulation and increases the frequency of cycling causing a reduction in pool size thus exerting effect on lipid profile decreasing total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
Women are twice as likely as men to form gallstones. The most common gallstone type found is the mixed type and the least is the cholesterol type. The age group most commonly affected is between 31-50 years.
There is a statistically significant association between high BMI and the occurrence of gallstones. There is a statistically significant association between diabetes and the occurrence of gallstones. No association has been found with parity, use of OCP, occupation, smoking, or alcoholism in patients with cholelithiasis.
Material & Methods
This prospective observational study included 50 patients with gall stones admitted to the Surgery Department of multispeciality govt Hospital for the duration of 1 year from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017 and who underwent cholecystectomy. The lipid profile was evaluated pre-operatively on the day of operation and postoperatively on 7th day and 12 months after.
Blood samples were collected from all of the study subjects prior to surgery, and again six months after the procedure. A total of 50 adult patients (Gender: 8 males, 42 females; Age range: 25-65 years, Mean age+SD: 45.5 ± 12.2 years) with gall stone disease were included in this case-control prospective interventional phase-I study of our objectives. The patients with gallstone disease were diagnosed as having cholelithiasis according to standard clinical and laboratory criteria as practised in the hospital.
The article is referred from India’s leading gallbladder laparoscopy surgeon Dr Amita Jain’s Journal, titled “EFFECT OF CHOLECYSTECTOMY ON SERUM LIPID PROFILE”. You can read the complete journal here – worldwidejournals.com
Dr Amita Jain is one of India’s most distinguished and experienced senior surgeons who has conducted more than 1,00,000 successful surgeries, and has covered a wide spectrum of general and minimally invasive procedures. Dr Amita Jain is refered as the pioneer surgeon in the fields of Gallbladder stone removal surgery, appendix removal surgery, hernia repair surgery, Pilonidal Sinus treatments, varicose vein and piles surgery, fistula surgery and fissure surgeries.
With an outstanding career spanning over 29 years, Dr Amita Jain has earned her place among the top General and Laparoscopic surgeons in Delhi and India, known for her precision, compassion, and consistent surgical excellence. She was the Professor of Surgery at the Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt. In 1994, she was commissioned as a surgeon under the United Nations Mission in Congo.
Dr Amita Jain currently serves as the Head of Department and Senior Consultant for General, Laparoscopic and Trauma Surgery at Artemis Lite Hospital, Rosewalk – Luxury Maternity Hospital in Delhi (Panchsheel Park, Delhi) and Rainbow Children Hospitals (Malviya Nagar, Delhi).